ABSTRACT
By 2002, dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) and DENV-2 had circulated for more than a decade in Brazil. In 2002, the introduction of DENV-3 in the state of Bahia produced a massive epidemic and the first cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Based on the standardized frequency, timing and location of viral isolations by the state's Central Laboratory, DENV-3 probably entered Bahia through its capital, Salvador, and then rapidly disseminated to other cities, following the main roads. A linear regression model that included traffic flow, distance from the capital and DENV-1 circulation (r² = 0.24, p = 0.001) supported this hypothesis. This pattern was not seen for serotypes already in circulation and was not seen for DENV-3 in the following year. Human population density was another important factor in the intensity of viral circulation. Neither DENV-1 nor DENV-2 fit this model for 2001 or 2003. Since the vector has limited flight range and vector densities fail to correlate with intensity of viral circulation, this distribution represents the movement of infected people and to some extent mosquitoes. This pattern may mimic person-to-person spread of a new infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dengue Virus/classification , Dengue/virology , Brazil/epidemiology , Dengue Virus/genetics , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Dengue/epidemiology , Geography , Linear Models , Multivariate Analysis , SerotypingABSTRACT
Um estudo prospectivo, sobre a sensibilidade antimicrobiana da flora bacteriana em úlceras cutâneas leishmanióticas, foi realizado em pacientes portadores de leishmaniose tegumentar, em Corte de Pedra, Bahia. Foram estudados 84 pacientes, principalmente adolescentes e adultos dedicados à lavoura, apresentando lesão cutânea única. Staphylococcus aureus predominou (83 por cento) nas culturas, sendo sensível à maioria dos antibióticos testados. Flora bacteriana mista esteve presente na úlcera em 37 (44,1 por cento) pacientes. Entre as bactérias Gram-negativas isoladas, foram mais freqüentes Enterobacter sp (13,1 por cento), Proteus sp (8,3 por cento), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7,1 por cento) e Klebsiella sp (7,1 por cento), sendo sensíveis principalmente à ciprofloxacina, aminoglicosídeos, cefalosporinas de terceira geracão e carbapenêmicos.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/microbiology , Skin Ulcer/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
In a prospective study to evaluate the influence of secondary bacterial infection on the evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Corte de Pedra (Bahia), we isolated Corynebacterium diphtheriae in 7 (8.3) out of 84 patients with ulcers studied. Due to the small number of patients with the presence of the bacteria in the ulcer, we could not conclude whether Corynebacterium diphtheriae behaves only as a colonizer nor its influence on the healing of the leishmaniotic ulcer.